2015-12-31

Kodak Retina (118)


In 2012 I already reported in detail about Kodak's Retina I and its history. At the time based on the post-war model 010 made in 1947 (see also below in comparison). Now I am proud to be the owner of model 118 (black version of the original model 117). My copy has the serial number 544659 and originates most likely from 1935. It's well equipped with the Compur Rapid shutter in a Schneider Xenar lens (# 699 907). According to this reference this was produced in September / October 1934. Paint and leather of the camera are a bit worn, but overall everything is functional still after 80 years.
After this discovery I ran into two other  "010" at flea markets and junk dealers. And of course I had to save them. The first I was able to buy for only $ 10 and sold it a little later for its current market value (about $ 65). The other is still in my possession. With an appropriate bid I will give it in other collector's hands. Below is a group portrait of the three...


By the way, there is a Historical Society of Retina Cameras (HSRC) and a corresponding journal with quite interesting articles. I'm not (yet) qualified to be a member. You need to own at least 10 Retina's or Retinette's. The Australian Chris Sherlock would surely qualify. However, the internet doesn't tell whether he is a member. Here is a short list of all Retina I that I own (or have owned). Perhaps I'll get some more in future.... ;-)

118 118, # 544659
Schneider Xenar 3.5/5 cm
#699907
M7SD*, Compur Rapid
(ca. 1935)
010, #60093
Kodak Ektar 3.5/5cm
#1660790
M5SD, Compur Rapid
(ca. 1947)
Retina 010 010, #ek...?
Kodak Ektar 3.5/5cm
#1699459
M7SD, Compur
(ca. 1946)
Retina 010 010, #ek184651
Schneider Xenar 3.5/5cm
#1869992
M5SD, Compur Rapid
"Made in Germany"
(ca. 1948)
* M5SD or M7SD are specific details. See here.

2015-12-30

Kodak Retinette 1A

Neben der Retina-Serie baute Kodak schon seit 1939 eine einfach ausgestattete und damit preiswertere Kameraserie unter dem Namen Retinette. Zunächst auch mit Faltbalgen ausgeführt folgten nach dem Krieg diese Kameras mit feststehendem, immer dreilinsigem Objektiv (meist von Schneider-Kreuznach). Hatten die Retinas Compur Verschlüsse, so waren es bei den Retinetten Prontor, die (wie hier) nur bis 1/250s oder bis 1/300 s reichten. 
Diese "1A" hier stammt vom letzten Modell 044 (1963-1967) und wurde erkennbar an ihrer Export-Seriennummer EK852492 in die USA exportiert und dort verkauft. Parallel wurde noch das Modell 045 (Retinette 1B) mit eingebautem Selen-Belichtungsmesser angeboten. Weitere Informationen über Retinas und Retinetten findet man u.a. hier: Historical Socienty for Retina Cameras, Camera-Wiki, Collectiblend, Kodak Cameras.
 
Meine Kamera habe ich in fast perfektem Zustand in Originalbox (s. Bild unten) im September schon bei einem Antiquitätenhändler in Dover, NJ gefunden und für nur $10 erwerben können.  Ich habe sie dann schnell fotografisch dokumentiert und auf ebay mit etwas Gewinn weiterverkauft. Vorher habe ich noch die Bedienungsanleitung eingescannt...

2015-12-27

Nikonos I


Patent drawing from US3,135,183 (Jan De Wouters D'Oplinter)
I already described how I got my Nikonos. As promised, today a few more details about the camera itself. It is truly the most rugged 135 film camera that I own (maybe even ever build), and it's really fun to take pictures with it (also above the water!). Two rolls of film I've shot already.
What fascinates me most is the straight forward way it was designed for its purpose as an underwater camera. All details seemed to be solved in an optimal way. First of all, of course, the pressure housing made of aluminum, in which the actual camera mechanism is put into it. Two O-rings seal the whole, one between the upper cover and the housing, the other toward the lens. The attached lens additionally clamps this connection and locks it. In addition, there is the combined shutter release and quick-release lever, which really deserves its name. Even under water using only one hand the camera can be operated. A large and bright viewfinder, and the wheels for distance and aperture on the lens round off the whole thing.



Initially, I wondered about the only 5 shutter speeds (1/30 to 1/500 sec). But here shows that Jan De Wouters and later the Nikon engineers knew what was really needed. Underwater you will seldom bring a tripod (or have the opportunity to put it somewhere). Therefore, no long shutter speeds. Moreover, it is rarely this bright that you'd need a 1/1000 sec (the original Calypso camera still had it).
I skip here to repeat more information about the history of the camera. This you can read elsewhere (see the links below). My camera has the serial number 909 505, this translates to the second year (1964) of production. It also bears the apparently rare EP diamond on the rewind button. Really, a lucky strike. Unfortunately, only the Nikonos label under the lens is missing ...

Data Sheet Underwater camera with exchangeable lenses
Lens W-Nikkor 35mm f/2.5 (6 elements in 4 groups), exchangeable. Nikonos mount, see list of available lenses.
Shutter vertical metal blade focal plane shutter, 1/30 sec - 1/500 sec, and B.
Metering no
Focussing manual with screw at the lens, no focusing aid
Viewfinder optical viewfinder with 35 mm frame and parallax marks
Flash optional, connected through a special adapter, 1/60 sec sync.
Film advance manual with quick release lever, which also is shutter release button
misc. Features accessory shoe, shutter release lock, frame counter, depth of field mechanism on the lens. Waterproof up to 50 m depth.
Size, Weight about 98x130x65 mm, 730 g (with 35 mm lens)
Battery no
Year(s) of Production 04/1963 - 03/1969 (30675 units build)
Original Price, Today's Value 28500 Yen (1963, = US$80),  about US$300
Links Nikon History, Nico Van Dijk, Mir.com, Nippon Kogaku Klub, Calypsonikonos.com (a lot of additional links), Manual (Nikonos II), US-Patent, EP-Patents

2015-10-05

Nikonos


This is just a little preview about one of the most amazing cameras I bought the last years. I wasn't really planning to buy it, but I went to the last second Sunday camera show on September 13 and there was nothing else which really looked interesting to me. However, this pointed me to the Nikonos, which was available from one dealer, he showed me its features and it really looked in decent working condition. After some negotiations I got it for $60, which later turned out to be a really good deal
So, I put in an expired roll of Ilford XP2 and shoot it during the same afternoon in New York City. What shall I say, I really fell in love with this cute camera. Unfortunately I don't find the time right now to describe it in more detail (this will come later). But I wanted to show at least two of the pictures here today.

2015-09-13

Agfa Isoflash Rapid


After so many Instamatic (126) cameras, here comes Agfa's answer to this easy-load cartridge. It was rather a stopgap answer, Kodak obviously caught Agfa with their pants down. Agfa remembered its Karat cartridge from the mid 30ies, and just added a nose to convey film speed information to the (equiped) cameras. Agfa (re-) launched the system on the market in 1965 together with a series of simple cameras from their camera production plant in Munich. Size and feature set resemble Kodak's Instamatic versions quite a bit, though.
I got my Isoflash-Rapid camera as a complete outfit from an antique store in Astoria, Oregon for just $20. The outfit seems to be unused since 50 years. The roll of film included expired in August 1968, the battery for powering the flash bulbs is probably dead. Besides the comprehensive manual there were "easy load instructions" inside the camera.
Agfa must have known, that real and fool-proof "easy load" was only offered by Kodak's Instamatic cartridge. Obviously, the Rapid film was generally easier to handle than a 135 roll and rewind was not necessary. However, it was more fiddly and there was always the threat that already exposed film could be used a second time. Therefore, Agfa pointed distinctly to the biggest (and almost only) disadvantage of the Kodak cartridge: the insufficient film flatness and the respective loss of sharpness (see picture of the packaging below). It was of no avail. The simple and cheap cameras with their low f-stop lenses from both systems wouldn't really benefit from a film pressure plate. After limited success on the market, Agfa changed their mind already in 1968 and started making film and cameras for the 126 cartridge (named PAK at Agfa). During the early 1970ies they have been quite successful with the Agfamatic series. My very first camera was a Agfamatic 200
Interestingly, Agfa was able to convice some other manufacturers to produce own cameras for the format. There are even some really nice with some photographic ambitions (eg. Fujica Rapid S2 oder Minolta 24 Rapid). However, no SLR, although this could have made use of the film pressure plate.
I will of course keep the complete outfit in its actual form and don't use the film. However, if I ever find a second Rapid (or SL) cartridge (or an unexposed film roll), I will shoot a roll with the camera. 35 mm film can be easily reloaded, see links below.

Data Sheet simple point&shoot camera for Rapid film
Lens Agfa Isinar (single lens meniscus, 40 mm f/8)
Shutter Agfa Parator (1/40 and 1/80 s)
Film (format) 24 x 24 mm (1" x 1")
Focussing Fixfocus
Viewfinder simple viewfinder without frame
Flash AG-1(B) flash bulbs, retractable reflector
Film advance with thumb wheel, no rewind necessary
misc. Features frame counter (backwards), tripod socket
Size, Weight                                                                                                               
Battery PX-23 (6V Mercury), only to power flash bulbs
Year(s) of Production 1965-1966
Original Price, Today's Value US$15 (1965), $10-$20
Links Camerosity-Blog, Lomography Magazine

2015-09-01

Pentax Spotmatic F

In 1973, Asahi Optical launched the Pentax Spotmatic F, which finally added open-aperture-metering to the famous Spotmatic series. Believe it or not, this was 10 years after Topcon's RE Super, which stole the pole position for TTL metering from Pentax, already at open aperture in 1963. The major competitors of Pentax offered open-aperture-metering for quite some time already: Nikon's Nikkormat FT (1965), Minolta SR-T 101 (1966), Canon FTb (1971). Maybe this was due to the "universal" M42 screw mount, which Asahi did not want to change arbitrarily without consulting the other producers. But already in 1969 Praktica launched the LLC model, open-aperture-metering with electric transfer of the aperture information! Asahi Optical eventually realized it mechanically and launched it together with new lenses, along with Super Multi Coating (SMC). That already happened in 1971 when they introduced the Spotmatic ES, the first SLR equipped with aperture-priority autoexposure.
Except for the open-aperture-metering the "F" is almost identical to the SPII, and also differs only slightly from the original Spotmatic SP. Pretty soon after launch the SP-F got replaced by the KM (with Pentax K bayonet mount) and eventually was continued as K-1000 until production ceased in 1997. What a long career!
My unit here is the American import model and was sold in the United States under the name of Asahi's distributor Honeywell. I bought it (as parts or broken) from a junk dealer who had not figured out that the excellent portrait telephoto (SMC) Takumar 105 f/2.8 is worth a multiple of the $ 30 I paid. I already sold the camera again, but kept the lens and I will probably shoot with it on my digital camera using an adapter.

2015-08-28

Instamatic SLR Comparison


I'm really proud to call them all my own now. And, moreover, every one of the five ever built Instamatic SLRs is in very good condition. Due to lack of available film I'll probably never really will take pictures with them ever again. Here is the promised comparison in tabular form:
Keystone Zeiss Ikon Kodak Rollei Ricoh
K-1020 Contaflex 126 Instamatic Reflex Rolleiflex SL26 126C-flex
Japan Germany Germany Germany Japan
1966-? 1967-1971 1968-1974 1968-1973 1969-1972
$99
-
$159.95
399 DM
$199
499 DM
$299.50
628 DM
$119.95
299 DM
Selen cell, extern
one shutter speed
shutter-priority
autoexposure
CdS-TTL
cloth focal plane
shutter, shutter-priority
autoexposure
CdS, extern
Compur electronic
leaf shutter,
aperture-priority
autoexposure
CdS, TTL
Compur leaf shutter
match-needle
metering,
manual
CdS, TTL
Copal leaf shutter
manual and shutter
priority autoexpos.
48/2.8 Keytar
(build-in)
45/2.8 Zeiss Pantar
interchangable
45/2.8 Xenar
interchangable
40/2.8 Tessar
set-lenses
55/2.8 Rikenon
- 5 lenses available DKL mount,
>15 lenses
2 set-lenses avail.
(28 mm, 80mm)
2 lenses,
screew mount
30,000* about 25,000 75,775+ 28,570 30,000 - 50,000*
As you can see at the production figures (* own estimate), none of them really was a hit. That's somehow not surprising. The Instamatic cartridge had (justifiably) the reputation of being suitable only for simple and inexpensive cameras. In particular, since the film flatness could not be adequately ensured. Therefore, the potential of high-performance lenses could not be utilized. Camera manufacturers should have been aware of that actually. Why then build a SLR even with interchangeable lenses?
Well, we are at the end of the 60s. The global camera market was on the rise for almost all camera classes. More and more cameras also reached into households, where never has been photographed before. And those amateurs with viewfinder cameras squinted forward to the SLRs. Therefore it is less surprising that the camera manufacturers tryed to occupy strange niches. The motives of the 5 manufacturers here were naturally not quite the same. But all had to deal with these cameras to perform a balancing act between the technical seriousness of the SLR and the demand for simplicity of the 126er cartridge. They all succeeded more or less. The two poles are the simple Keystone and the serious Contaflex. The Ricoh seems somehow not thought right to the end. The most successful - I think - are the Kodak and the Rollei. The well done system integration speaks for the Kodak, while the Rollei stands out the most by her excellent and consistent design as well as best execution.
However, latest in 1972 all understood that the Instamatic cartridge and high-end cameras do not fit together. But history repeats itself sometimes. As I have already posted, there was also the "new" Instamatic cartridge of the '70s (110, "Pocket Film") and of course again SLRs. Two out of three available I have in my collection (Pentax Auto 110 and Minolta 110 Zoom). And in the mid '90s there was a short appearance of APS SLR's, of which there are only a few models from five manufacturers.

General Links: Mr. Martin's 126 page, University of Texas' 126 camera directory, 126 Cartridge (Camera-wiki)

2015-08-27

Ricoh 126C-Flex

The fifth and final Instamatic SLR on the market and in my small series here is Ricoh 126 C-Flex (TLS). See the manual here. At first glance it looks like (and is as big as) a normal 35mm-SLR. This is certainly due to the dual battery compartment just left of the film cartridge. On the bottom there is a PX-675 button cell for the light meter, and (optional) a pretty large 15V (PX74) battery just for firing the flash cubes. Interestingly, there is also a hot shoe and a socket to attach other flash units that do not require this extra battery. Also otherwise there are a few weird things that qualify the camera for a cabinet of curiosities. On the one hand there is the (optionally automatically controlled) aperture that sits behind the interchangeable lenses on the camera, which consists of only two specially shaped blades (see last picture below). Think of the resulting Bokeh!? On the other hand there are the interchangeable lenses themselves, which have a unique thread mount only for this camera. The standard lens has 55 mm focal length, which is rather a slight telephoto (something like a 70 mm at 24x36 format). This lens could only be replaced by a 100mm telephoto or a 35mm wide-angle. Otherwise worth mentioning is the leaf shutter with only 4 shutter speeds (1/30 - 1 / 300s) plus B and the shutter priority auto-exposure mode. However, the aperture could also be set manually, what makes the camera the only of the five to shoot either in manual or automatic mode.

The camera somehow stands in the tradition of the Ricoh 35 Flex (Sears SL9) and closes the chapter of leaf shutter SLR's for Ricoh. The 126 C-Flex was also sold under the name Sears 126 TLS Reflex (without flash cube socket) in the US, as well as by Foto Quelle in Germany under Revueflex TLS-C (with flash cube socket!). How successful this strange camera actually was on the market, is difficult to assess. Interestingly, today there are more original Ricoh as Sears or Revue cameras on e-bay (where I also have mine from). I have identified at least two production series, one using 5-digit serial numbers up to the 3xxxx, another with 6-digit numbers, also found on other Ricoh SLR's from this time. It also remains unclear how long Ricoh produced it, since there was no successor. I guess a two- or three-year production period might be a good estimate and a total of 30.000 to 50.000 units. But I might be be wrong. Anyway, it last appeared in 1972  in one or the other mail-order catalog.

2015-08-22

Rolleiflex SL26

And this is Instamatic SLR No.4, the most beautiful but also most expensive ($299 or 628 DM, 1973) of all five. With its elegant, extremly compact as well as functionell design it cannot deny its creator. It is Heinz Waaske, the designer of the legendary Rollei 35, who also has demonstrated his class with the Rolleiflex SL26.
The technical details are quickly listed: Compur shutter (1/2 to 1/500 sec), aperture 2.8 to 22, match-needle metering (CdS, TTL) flash via hot shoe (one of the first SLR). In contrast to the Contaflex 126 the Rollei has an instant-return mirror, which ensures almost uninterupted view through the wonderfully large viewfinder with microprisms and a split-image rangefinder as focussing aids.

The standard lens is a Carl Zeiss Tessar 2.8/40 mm. Its front element can be replaced throgh a bayonet mount by the so call Pro-Tessars (28 mm f/3.2 and 80 mm f/4). Carl Zeiss called this concept set-lenses, introduced by Zeiss Ikon with their Contaflex series, but later discontinued again. Formally, whith this feature the Rolleiflex SL26 could claim to have interchangable lenses, but it was clearly limited to these three. In contrast to Contaflex 126 or Kodak Instamatic Reflex, which had real interchangable lenses that was a disadvantage. Despite this, the complete set was really expensive: Almost $700 you had to spend for it in the early 1970ies, which is about $5000 in today's money.
Even today the Rolleiflex is still the most valuable of the five SLRs. I have waited a long time for an opportunity and let pass some auctions at about $100, but then I found this excellent copy and could get it for only $ 24. What a catch!