2015-08-28

Instamatic SLR Comparison


I'm really proud to call them all my own now. And, moreover, every one of the five ever built Instamatic SLRs is in very good condition. Due to lack of available film I'll probably never really will take pictures with them ever again. Here is the promised comparison in tabular form:
Keystone Zeiss Ikon Kodak Rollei Ricoh
K-1020 Contaflex 126 Instamatic Reflex Rolleiflex SL26 126C-flex
Japan Germany Germany Germany Japan
1966-? 1967-1971 1968-1974 1968-1973 1969-1972
$99
-
$159.95
399 DM
$199
499 DM
$299.50
628 DM
$119.95
299 DM
Selen cell, extern
one shutter speed
shutter-priority
autoexposure
CdS-TTL
cloth focal plane
shutter, shutter-priority
autoexposure
CdS, extern
Compur electronic
leaf shutter,
aperture-priority
autoexposure
CdS, TTL
Compur leaf shutter
match-needle
metering,
manual
CdS, TTL
Copal leaf shutter
manual and shutter
priority autoexpos.
48/2.8 Keytar
(build-in)
45/2.8 Zeiss Pantar
interchangable
45/2.8 Xenar
interchangable
40/2.8 Tessar
set-lenses
55/2.8 Rikenon
- 5 lenses available DKL mount,
>15 lenses
2 set-lenses avail.
(28 mm, 80mm)
2 lenses,
screew mount
30,000* about 25,000 75,775+ 28,570 30,000 - 50,000*
As you can see at the production figures (* own estimate), none of them really was a hit. That's somehow not surprising. The Instamatic cartridge had (justifiably) the reputation of being suitable only for simple and inexpensive cameras. In particular, since the film flatness could not be adequately ensured. Therefore, the potential of high-performance lenses could not be utilized. Camera manufacturers should have been aware of that actually. Why then build a SLR even with interchangeable lenses?
Well, we are at the end of the 60s. The global camera market was on the rise for almost all camera classes. More and more cameras also reached into households, where never has been photographed before. And those amateurs with viewfinder cameras squinted forward to the SLRs. Therefore it is less surprising that the camera manufacturers tryed to occupy strange niches. The motives of the 5 manufacturers here were naturally not quite the same. But all had to deal with these cameras to perform a balancing act between the technical seriousness of the SLR and the demand for simplicity of the 126er cartridge. They all succeeded more or less. The two poles are the simple Keystone and the serious Contaflex. The Ricoh seems somehow not thought right to the end. The most successful - I think - are the Kodak and the Rollei. The well done system integration speaks for the Kodak, while the Rollei stands out the most by her excellent and consistent design as well as best execution.
However, latest in 1972 all understood that the Instamatic cartridge and high-end cameras do not fit together. But history repeats itself sometimes. As I have already posted, there was also the "new" Instamatic cartridge of the '70s (110, "Pocket Film") and of course again SLRs. Two out of three available I have in my collection (Pentax Auto 110 and Minolta 110 Zoom). And in the mid '90s there was a short appearance of APS SLR's, of which there are only a few models from five manufacturers.

General Links: Mr. Martin's 126 page, University of Texas' 126 camera directory, 126 Cartridge (Camera-wiki)

2015-08-27

Ricoh 126C-Flex

The fifth and final Instamatic SLR on the market and in my small series here is Ricoh 126 C-Flex (TLS). See the manual here. At first glance it looks like (and is as big as) a normal 35mm-SLR. This is certainly due to the dual battery compartment just left of the film cartridge. On the bottom there is a PX-675 button cell for the light meter, and (optional) a pretty large 15V (PX74) battery just for firing the flash cubes. Interestingly, there is also a hot shoe and a socket to attach other flash units that do not require this extra battery. Also otherwise there are a few weird things that qualify the camera for a cabinet of curiosities. On the one hand there is the (optionally automatically controlled) aperture that sits behind the interchangeable lenses on the camera, which consists of only two specially shaped blades (see last picture below). Think of the resulting Bokeh!? On the other hand there are the interchangeable lenses themselves, which have a unique thread mount only for this camera. The standard lens has 55 mm focal length, which is rather a slight telephoto (something like a 70 mm at 24x36 format). This lens could only be replaced by a 100mm telephoto or a 35mm wide-angle. Otherwise worth mentioning is the leaf shutter with only 4 shutter speeds (1/30 - 1 / 300s) plus B and the shutter priority auto-exposure mode. However, the aperture could also be set manually, what makes the camera the only of the five to shoot either in manual or automatic mode.

The camera somehow stands in the tradition of the Ricoh 35 Flex (Sears SL9) and closes the chapter of leaf shutter SLR's for Ricoh. The 126 C-Flex was also sold under the name Sears 126 TLS Reflex (without flash cube socket) in the US, as well as by Foto Quelle in Germany under Revueflex TLS-C (with flash cube socket!). How successful this strange camera actually was on the market, is difficult to assess. Interestingly, today there are more original Ricoh as Sears or Revue cameras on e-bay (where I also have mine from). I have identified at least two production series, one using 5-digit serial numbers up to the 3xxxx, another with 6-digit numbers, also found on other Ricoh SLR's from this time. It also remains unclear how long Ricoh produced it, since there was no successor. I guess a two- or three-year production period might be a good estimate and a total of 30.000 to 50.000 units. But I might be be wrong. Anyway, it last appeared in 1972  in one or the other mail-order catalog.

2015-08-22

Rolleiflex SL26

And this is Instamatic SLR No.4, the most beautiful but also most expensive ($299 or 628 DM, 1973) of all five. With its elegant, extremly compact as well as functionell design it cannot deny its creator. It is Heinz Waaske, the designer of the legendary Rollei 35, who also has demonstrated his class with the Rolleiflex SL26.
The technical details are quickly listed: Compur shutter (1/2 to 1/500 sec), aperture 2.8 to 22, match-needle metering (CdS, TTL) flash via hot shoe (one of the first SLR). In contrast to the Contaflex 126 the Rollei has an instant-return mirror, which ensures almost uninterupted view through the wonderfully large viewfinder with microprisms and a split-image rangefinder as focussing aids.

The standard lens is a Carl Zeiss Tessar 2.8/40 mm. Its front element can be replaced throgh a bayonet mount by the so call Pro-Tessars (28 mm f/3.2 and 80 mm f/4). Carl Zeiss called this concept set-lenses, introduced by Zeiss Ikon with their Contaflex series, but later discontinued again. Formally, whith this feature the Rolleiflex SL26 could claim to have interchangable lenses, but it was clearly limited to these three. In contrast to Contaflex 126 or Kodak Instamatic Reflex, which had real interchangable lenses that was a disadvantage. Despite this, the complete set was really expensive: Almost $700 you had to spend for it in the early 1970ies, which is about $5000 in today's money.
Even today the Rolleiflex is still the most valuable of the five SLRs. I have waited a long time for an opportunity and let pass some auctions at about $100, but then I found this excellent copy and could get it for only $ 24. What a catch!

2015-08-14

Kodak Instamatic Reflex

This is Instamatic SLR No. 3 on the market, launched in 1968 by Kodak itself after they introduced the 126 cartridge already 5 years before. The question is, whether they ever intended to build an SLR for the format from the beginning. My believe is they did not. However, after the saw Keystone and Zeiss Ikon coming up with SLRs they remembered about their facility in Stuttgart, Germany and the well regarded line of Retina Reflex cameras they were producing over there. The result is a straight forward and easy to use camera, with a build-in CdS photo cell (not TTL though) controlling the electronic Compur leaf shutter (aperture priority automatic). The metering system sensed the film speed from the cartridge (64, 80, 125 or 160 ASA). The viewfinder displayed shutter speed, and has a focusing screen with a split-image rangefinder. Flash was either provided by Flashcubes  or you can choose to connect an external flashgun via a PC socket.
With Kodak's marketing power and the quite compelling design it became the best selling of the five Instamatic SLR's, with more than 75,000 cameras produced. Kodak sold it until 1974, although I tend to believe that they stopped production already one or two years earlier.
Certainly the biggest advantage for Kodak over its competitors was the existence of a broad range of high quality Retina-S lenses connected through the DKL-mount and available from Schneider-Kreuznach or Rodenstock. Only one lens was specifically developed for the camera and its slightly smaller image area compared to 135 film. This was the Schneider Xenar 45 mm f/2.8 and mostly sold as its standard lens for $199 (for the set with the camera).

Actuall, I found this camera already three years ago on an antique market for just $10. However, it was missing a lens and I always wanted to present it here with its 45mm f/2.8 Xenar. It turned out, that it wasn't easy to find one at a decent price. Therefore, here it comes with the super-wide Curtagon for the moment. When I'll finally find the standard lens, I promise to update this post and add more pictures as well.

2015-08-07

Zeiss Ikon Contaflex 126


This is Instamatic SLR No. 2, launched on the market in 1967. A world of a difference to No. 1 (Keystone K 1020) in almost every way. The Contaflex plays technically (and price wise) in the top league. One last time, with this camera Zeiss Ikon has proved what German camera technology was capable of. However, it will remain a mystery to me why they've chosen to build the camera around the lousy Instamatic cartridge with its known poor film flatness.

Interestingly, the Contaflex is the only of the five Instamatic SLRs, which has a focal plane shutter. This is particularly remarkable since the previous Contaflex series was famous for its highly complex leaf shutter systems. Otherwise the thing is like a strange compromise of fine high-tech works  and simplifications for the camera laity, like the weather icons on the shutter speed dial, the shutter priority autoexposure and of course the 126 cartridge itself.

4 years ago I already posted about a Contaflex 126, without having possessed it (why is in the post). Now I finally got one, even in excellent state of preservation. The technical details I will later summarize in a table facing the other 126er SLR's (yes I now have all five of them, and will post here in chronological order the next few weeks). This thing has cost me $ 40 plus postage, nothing against the $ 160 that was requested in 1967 (in today's purchasing power about $1,200). But collectors still pay up to $ 300. Finally, the link to the manual and a look through the viewfinder ...

2015-08-02

Keystone K 1020 auto-instant Reflex

The first single lens reflex (SLR) for Kodak's Instamatic 126 cartridge comes formally from the US, but not by Kodak itself. In June 1966, three years after the yellow giant launched the 126 cartridge on the market, it was Keystone, number 3 of the US camera market (behind Kodak and Polaroid) to first pair the increasingly popular SLR concept with the instant loadable cassette. Keystone was rather active in the mass market for simple cameras and used Mamiya in Japan as a toll producer. Some elements of the Auto-Lux 35 might have been re-used. Although the first of total five 126 SLR's on the market, it always remained the cheapest with less than a $100 price tag (1967).
The camera itself is very simple and has almost no controls. Film loading, focus and shoot don't really require a manual, also the socket for the Sylvania flashcubes is fool-proof. The shutter priority automatic (with needle indicator in the viewfinder) is controlled by the selenium element, there is only one shutter speed (which is mentioned nowhere, probably 1/80 s). The manual reveals a different shutter speed for flash photography (but again not which, I'm guessing here 1/40 s). To ignite the N-flashcubes two alkaline batteries of size N are needed, otherwise the camera works without. The lens (48 mm f/2.8) is probably identical to the corresponding Mamiya Sekor, quite a decent Triplet.
During production of the K 1020 Keystone itself was aquired by  Berkey Photo and then moved from Boston, MA to Clifton, NJ. During the 70's they first increased their market share, but eventually they lost the competition against the giants from Rochester. After further owner changes they filed for bankruptcy in 1991. The fight with Kodak has been described in an article about Benjamin Berkey quite flowery. I wrote an e-mail to his son Harvey with some hope to find out further details about the K 1020, but without success. Therfore, it will probably remain a mystery how successful the camera was and how many copies were sold. My copy has cost me $ 6 plus freight, according to Collectiblend it is probably worth a little bit more.