2012-04-07

Kodak Retina Reflex S


A nice find from my last Camera Show hunt and an important addition to all the other cameras I already own from the early 1960s. After the rangefinder cameras technically were at their peak in the 50s, the market called for SLR models latest from 1957 on. Many camera manufacturers took their rangefinder models as a basis and built a SLR with many equal parts (see eg Nikon with the SP and F). So did Kodak, producing their high-end cameras in Stuttgart ("Made in Germany"). As a basis, they took the Retina IIIc and modeled it into the Retina Reflex in 1957. More or less they directly followed the Contaflex series of Zeiss Ikon.
However, already in 1959 they added this second model: Retina Reflex S (and in parallel the rangefinder camera Retina IIIS). The new model now had a coupled selenium exposure meter and truely interchangeable lenses. The first Retina Reflex had only set-lenses, ie, the rear part of the lens stayed with the camera and only the front elements were interchangable. A relatively modest compromise, both regarding the achievable optical performance as well as the available options with respect to open aperture and focal length. This changed fundamentally with the Reflex S. Kodak adapted the DKL mount (developed by the company August Deckel) that was also used in a slightly modified form, inter alia, by the companies Braun and Voigtländer. Various companies offered interchangeable lenses, for Kodak specifically these were Schneider Kreuznach and Rodenstock. The list comprises at least 16 lenses, from a 28 mm "Super Wide Angle" to a 200 mm telephoto everything was there. In addition, and with some modification you could use Voigtländer lenses.
In a relatively modern way the coupled light meter has been integrated, the user manual even talks about automatic exposure control. And this is how: You choose a shutter time and then turn a knob underneath the lens until the yellow arrow matches the meter needle (see photos below). If the little intervention of the photographer is ignored you could almost call it auto exposure control, later they said correctly Match-Needle exposure. All in all, a quite practical approach. If you press the button in the center of the light meter and simultaneously turn the wheel, it adjusts the film speed instead of the aperture, smart! Very unusual and this time not particularly ergonomic is the film advance lever at the bottom of the camera, a feature this camera shares wit a few other Retinas.
Initially, the Retina Reflex models (after the S came the III and the IV model) were quite successful. A total of almost 800,000 copies have been built. Eventually, also Kodak got into the maelstrom of the (West-) German camera industry at the end of the 60s. It simply took them too long to take the competition from Japan serious. The SLR production at Kodak in Stuttgart has been ceased almost in parallel to those at Zeiss-Ikon or Voigtländer, details can be read here. Only the Instamatic Reflex, one of the few SLR for 126er cartridges survived until 1974 using the same lens mount.
Data Sheet Leaf Shutter SLR for 135 film
Lens Interchangable lenses with modified DKL mount. Register 44.7 mm
Shutter Synchro-Compur leaf shutter (behind the lens), 1s - 1/500 s and B.
Metering coupeled Selenium cell, match-needle metering, 10-3200 ASA
Focussing Focussing screen with split-image rangefinder, mechanical indicator for depth of view at the lenses.
Viewfinder SLR, fixed penta prism without any additional info displayed.
Flash Socket at the camera front, switch between X and M
Film advance Advance lever at camera bottom
misc. Features Image counter (backwards), Self-Timer (10s), Accessory shoe, ISO thread for cable release, Film type indicator
Size, Weight ca. 132/98/60 mm, 702g w/o lens
Battery none.
Year(s) of Production 1959-1960 (78,000 copies)
Original Price, Today's Value 578 DM or US$ 235 (1959), US$ 80 up to US$ 200
Links Manual (English), Manual (German), Camera-Wiki

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