2021-05-16

Agfa Seriennummern - Agfa serial numbers

My interest in historical market and production figures for cameras is already well known here on the blog. Serial numbers are a very good primary source for this and often allow a reasonably good conclusion about the year of production or even the production volume (see my dating tool here in the top left corner of the blog ). Some of the data is based on the camera manufacturer's official production books, but quite often collectors like me have collected numbers and other information and put together the rest of them. Not everything is always correct and consistent, as my article on the Compur serial numbers showed, but that makes the whole thing exciting.
A very low Compur serial number was also the reason for me to buy my first walking floor plate camera. But there was something weird about it from the start. My tool spits out the year 1919 for the # 546812, the traditional assignment 1922/1923. However, cameras under the orange Agfa label did not exist until 1926, when the newly founded IG Farben assigned the Rietzschel camera production to Agfa. What now? Fortunately, the Agfa Isolar has two more serial numbers, namely the housing number on the lens and a little hidden under the screen, consisting of two letters and up to three digits. But even these numbers have not yet been clearly assigned to the corresponding production period.

Therefore, I have made it myself to shed some light on the darkness and want to present my results and a suggestion here. I initially relied on a collection of early serial numbers that were compiled years ago by Dirk Spennemann and others on Flickr (approx. 50 mostly Agfa standard cameras). I have added 12 more net finds to this selection. The evaluation shows the following:

* In the first place only the letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J and K were used.

* In the second place, all (25) letters were used relatively evenly distributed, the I is also missing here. This was probably not used by Agfa at the time, even a lens was called Jge (s) tar.

* This is followed by two or three digits, resulting in 1000 cameras per block of letters, 25,000 cameras per starting letter, or 250,000 cameras that can be covered by this scheme.

That goes very well with the lens serial numbers, which range from 200,000 to just over 500,000. If one assumes that the body numbers count up from AA[00]1 (in fact one with AA442 is in the list), then one can see a quite good correlation with the lens serial numbers. In the above-mentioned source, the assumption was made that perhaps the first letters A to K quite simply stand for the years 1926 to 1935. But that is a bit too short. It would mean that Agfa has built a maximum (!) of 25,000 cameras each year (see below). And other facts do not match neither, so all the ISOLARs that were listed would have originated in the 1930s, where are all those from the late 20ies?

So I went even deeper into the Agfa story and bought “THE" AGFA book for this purpose. This does not provide any information about the serial numbers directly, but confirms that no production records have actually been received from the Munich camera factory. Instead, lots of other background information and rough production figures from the first Agfa years were given. These can be found in the following table with my suggestion of an assignment.

year
camera production body serial no (c.) lens serial no (c.)
1926 45.000 AA xxx - BV xxx 200,000 - 250,000
1927 84.000 BW xxx - FE xxx 250,000 - 370,000
1928 90.000 (+ 40.000)* FF xxx - JU xxx 370,000 - 500,000
192960.000 (+200.000)* JV xxx - KH xxx** >500,000

* In 1928 the very successful Billy series started with a different serial number and simple lenses without a number, which also accounted for the majority of production in 1929.
** last known serial no.


Despite the global economic crisis, from 1930 the Agfa camera factory in Munich grew to Europe's largest manufacturer and was only surpassed worldwide by Kodak in Rochester, NY. The focus of success was initially on the rather simple and inexpensive cameras such as the Billy series and, from 1930, the Box, which sold 44,000 times during the first year. The plate and roll film cameras of the Standard and Isolar series with high-quality lenses, which are the subject here, were suddenly no longer in demand. According to Kadlubek's book, over 70,000 such cameras were piled up in Agfa's warehouses in 1930, which then only emptied slowly. Based on this information and the cameras I have seen, I am inclined to say that their production was discontinued by 1930 at the latest. Many models remained in the Agfa sales program until around 1935 and (as the Photo Porst catalog from 1932 reveals) were sold at junk prices (the Isolar 408 for RM 75.90 instead of RM 138 at first). The cameras sighted with the RIM Compur shutter, which, as is well known, were launched on the market in 1928, are also an important support of my theory and the entire assignment. Some of the standard cameras have one, all with very low 2.0xx.xxx numbers that can be assigned to the production years 1928 and 1929.
Typical Agfa serial number
on my Optima Reflex
The Billy cameras, which made up a large part of production volume of 1929, used a slightly modified serial number scheme that needs to be explored in more detail. The number now has four digits and still occurs in combination with a preceding sequence of letters, which sometimes also contains digits. The simple Agfa lenses (Jgestar, Agnar, Bilinar, etc.) no longer carry own serial numbers. From the mid-1930s to around the end of the 1960s, the higher-end cameras then all have serial numbers with two letters followed by four digits. I've seen dozens of them and it looks like the cameras were produced in blocks with similar serial numbers. E.g., the Optima Reflex (1961-1963) a total of 9 units with the letter combinations "ZU", "ZV" or "ZW" have been sighted, but there are also other Agfa cameras for "ZU". But to really shed some light on this, you will probably need hundreds of serial numbers with further information. I will stick with it and maybe at some point publish more work here, too. If you want to help: Please send me your Agfa serial numbers with camera, lens (-no.), pictures, etc. to knippsen (at) icloud (.) Com.
However, now I have suggested the chronological assignment of the early Agfa cameras according to their body or lens number, but so far missed to answer the initial question about the low Compur number on my ISOLAR. Fortunately, all the other ISOLARs I have sighted are the same: they all have a "Dial-Set" Compur shutter carrying a 6-digit serial number but according to body no. were built between 1928 and 1930. At that time, Deckel was just launching the "RIM-Set" Compur shutter on the market. I just boldly claim that all cameras with dial-set shutters produced afterwards were only supplied from (year-old) stocks. It is also known from Photo Porst, for example, that dealers took old cameras in as part of a new purchase. I can well imagine that valuable parts such as the shutter have been reused ("refurbished" would be called today). So my shutter on the Isolar could well be made in the early 1920s; the camera itself was assembled in 1928.

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