They are almost extinct in the digital photo era, because software or the
imaging processor in the camera can be used instead (at least in most
cases). I'm talking about photographic filters. The image shows some out of
my collection, the others I own in addition are either duplicates or just
have another filter thread.
From top left to bottom right there are ...
1) polarizing filter, THE filter per se. More about that in a future post.
2) Skylight filter. I have some, mostly as a permanent lens protection. The
filter is slightly reddish and removes scattered radiation (haze) from the
photos.
3) yellow, 4) orange and 5) green filter, for black and white photography,
see below
6) a blue incandescent light filter, allows shooting natural colors under
incandescent lighting on daylight film. This need is hard to imagine in
times of digital and automatic white balance.
7) Infrared filter, something quite special, also has its own post.
For demonstration what effect the colored filters would do to a black and
white photo, I took a
digital photo and applied such filters virtually. Using a color filter
is nothing else than blocking the respective complementary color. You can
easily simulate this with a photo editor. For example the yellow filter:
simply set the blue color channel to zero. The image will then appear very
yellow. Converting this to B&W yields the same result as if you'd taken
the photo through a yellow filter.
As you can see, the color filters have an effect on the distribution of the
different grey levels and can be used creatively. General, as a rule of
thumb: Colors similar to the filter color will be amplified (ie brighter)
and get a better differentiation, the complementary colors become
darker. More information can be found here
(SW Photography) and here (other
useful filters) .
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