2016-02-21

King Regula Reflex 2000 CTL


A Regula Reflex 2000 CTL from Kamerawerk King & Bauser got on my "must-have" list 4 years ago when I randomly stumbled across the Regula Sprinty C 300 . The latter has been launched in six digit numbers, while the Regula Reflex is one of the rarest SLR's on the market. In addition to its rarity factor the legend of the patent dispute with Leitz and an excellent 1/2000 s shutter speed (at least for the 60ies) fuels the fascination.

Anyway, enough for me to look for it occasionally at camera markets and of course on e-bay. Regular offers mostly come with hefty prices. Collectiblend lists it for about $ 450, which also corresponds to most offers. And even for defective bodies without a lens prices of more than 100 € are requested. However, my patience and negotiation skills have paid off: I bought my copy for only 120 € plus shipping, this even including the late standard lens Auto Regulon 50mm f/1.8. The camera is in excellent condition, only the plastic lid of the battery compartment was jammed with a dead battery underneath and got damaged by previous attempts to resolve this. Carefully I've drilled two small holes into the lid and now can turn and open it again using pliers. The dead PX625 battery I've replaced with an adapter including a LR44. And, even the meter is working again!

Myths and Facts

Manufacturing period

The camera was already introduced at Photokina 1966 as a concept or prototype. This obviously let to repeated suspicions that it probably was launched on the market in 1967 or 1968. I too fell for it. The report in Foto-Tagebuch from 1970 speaks of "yet another SLR camera on the already saturated market", with which the first year would be set. The last thing you heard of King or the camera, is that in 1976 plans and parts were sold to National Instruments in India. So it's probably fair to assume that production period was from 1970 to about 1975.

production figures

Sellers always emphasize with good reason that the camera is rare. Most sources speak about a few thousand copies, which is probably true. I have collected serial numbers from internet sources like e-bay. All are four digits (with leading zeros), the lowest is 1382 and the highest 5155. I tried my analysis with nine data points and got about 4500 copies. It is therefore probably the rarest (German) SLR series, individual models of other series or prototypes of course might be rarer. Its direct West German competitors Leicaflex, Zeiss Ikon (Ikarex etc.) or Rollei were at least five digits, with production in Far East (Rollei) even 6 digits. All this is of course nothing compared to the SLR production figures of Japanese competition, which rose from 1970 to 1975 of about 1.5 million to about 2.5 million per year (!).

The 1/2000 sec ...

... fastest shutter speed was one of the few arguments of King to classify the camera into the premium segment. This speed was not offered by many, the first was in 1960, the Konica F1 and then the Canonflex R2000, but both hardly reached out to buyers in Germany. The Leicaflex from 1964 had it and then the Mamiya/Sekor 2000DTL of 1969. The Nikon F2 in 1971 was the first camera to establish the 1/2000 sec as a standard for professional cameras. It was only in the 80ies when it slowly became standard for mid-priced amateur models as well.

patent dispute

This is definitely a myth. A patent dispute between Leitz and King has never existed. One finds neither evidence nor an objective reason why at all (or which patent had been infringed, maybe this?). Volkmar Kleinfeld finally squashed the rumor by a phone conversation with Mr. Bauser. However, it kind of survives in the web and also I initially fell for it. The reason why the camera production ceased after only a few thousand copies, was simply lack of success on the market. "Bad Timing" may be tempted to say. Let me just state, if the camera was launched only five years earlier it would have had a chance. But it came with its 60ies features at a time when the Japanese outshined the Germans technically as well as price wise. As a side entry with a complete new and independent design it must have been hit particularly hard.

The other models

McKeown lists a total of 4 SLR models made by King Regula and even mentions technical differences. All others on the internet who even list prices for collectors copied from him. Supposedly there were the base Model Regula Reflex CTL (1967-?), and simultaneously a "SL" without exposure meter, both before 2000 CTL. And then a follow-up model K650 (1972 -?), allegedly with open aperture (spot) metering and display of the aperture in the viewfinder. However, all these "other models" have in common that there is not any picture of them to find nor further descriptions. There might have been respective plans or even prototypes. Otherwise, the said cameras are a myth. There is probably not a collector calling one of these his own. The same is true for the chrome model as pictured on the instruction manual. It existed probably only as an idea (addendum 2021-04-01: not true, there is at least one prototype). This is different for models with the Kalimar (US Distributor) and Ringfoto labels. These really exist, however, the only difference is the nameplate on the prism.

Conclusion


Otherwise, simply because of its physical dimensions the camera is kind of special. In my collection, it is the most massive SLR before the already impressive Topcon RE Super and the Nikkorex F. Also, the loud and distinctive shutter sound (probably because of the almost simultaneous firing of mirror and shutter) shows that King had developed something unique. Overall, a very solid machine. What people write on the internet about a lack of quality I cannot relate to. I'm glad to have this rare and properly functioning baby in my collection!

Data Sheet mechanical 135-film SLR
Lens M42 thread, this with Auto-Regulon 50 mm f/1.8 (6 elements in 4 groups, made in Japan probably by Cosina).
Shutter horizontal cloth focal plane shutter, 1 to 1/2000 sec and B.
Metering TTL (working aperture), ISO-ASA 3-6400 (!), match-needle metering
Focussing manually, Fresnel lens
Viewfinder SLR, displaying set shutter speed, measuring needle and measuring range.
Flash Hot shoe and X and FP jacks, 1/125 sec sync speed.
Film advance Quick-release lever, rewind crank and frame counter
misc. Features Self-timer, tripod mount, cable release connection, stop-down levers
Size, Weight about 98x146x54 mm, 728 g (945g with lens)
Battery PX625 or alternative
Year(s) of Production 1970-1975 (?), About 4500 copies
Original Price, Today's Value 450 to 700 DM depending on the lens, approximately 300-450 €
Links Kalimar Reflex , forum discussion , Camera Wiki , Wikipedia , fate of King & Bauser , Novacon (don't believe everything!)

2016-02-06

PX625 (PX13) und Alternativen


Heute verbotene Quecksilber-Batterie PX625 und die Alternativen Wein-Cell (Zn-Luft, links oben), PX625A (Alkali, rechts oben). In der unteren Reihe der Adapter mit Diode, zu bestücken entweder mit LR44 (Alkali) oder SR44 (Silberoxid).
Alkali-Batterien wie die LR44
liefern 1.5V
Unglaublich viele Kameras der 60er und 70er Jahre nutzen die PX625 (auch PX13) als Batterie. Sie passte einfach perfekt zu simplen CdS-basierten Belichtungsmessern, hielt lange durch (manchmal Jahre!) und lieferte zuverlässige Messwerte. Aufgrund ihres hohen Gehalts an Quecksilber wurde sie (und ihre direkten Schwestern) ab Ende der 70er Jahre durch umweltfreundlichere Alternativen ersetzt (meist LR44 bzw. SR44). Anfang der 90er Jahre dann wurde sie in den wesentlichen Märkten verboten und ist heute so gut wie nicht mehr zu bekommen (zumindest nicht "frisch"). Was tut man aber, wenn man alte PX625-schluckende Kameras oder Belichtungsmesser heute noch betreiben will. Dazu gibt es mindestens die folgenden Alternativen:
 
1) PX625A, die Alkali-Variante der PX625 in gleicher Gehäuseform, aber anderer Chemie an Bord. Sie liefert 1.5V und hat eine Alkali-typische, aber für unseren Zweck ungünstige Kennlinie. Einige wenige Kameras besitzen vielleicht eine sog. Brückenschaltung und kommen auch damit klar, bei den meisten sollte man sich aber nicht auf die Messergebnisse verlassen.

...mit Schottky-Diode auf die Hg/Zn
typischen 1.35 V reduziert.
2) Die sog. Wein-Cell, eine Zink-Luft Batterie in entsprechender Bauform. Sie liefert die richtige Spannung von 1.35 V und hat auch eine waagerechte Kennlinie und ist somit die (fast) ideale Alternative. Nachteil: Zink-Luft Batterien laufen, einmal aktiviert, nur wenige Monate egal ob man sie verwendet oder nicht. Die Wein-Cell habe ich mit der Olympus 35SP erfolgreich ausprobiert.

3) Ein Batterie-Adapter für die gebräuchlichen 44er Knopfzellen, am Besten mit eingelöteter Schottky-Diode, die die Spannung auf die gewünschten 1.35 V reduziert. Als Zelle verwendet man am besten eine Silberoxid-Knopfzelle (SR44), damit ergibt sich eine fast perfekte Alternative zur alten PX625. Bei der Verwendung der preiswerteren Alkali-Variante LR44 gilt das unter 1) gesagte. Ich habe meinen Adapter nicht selbst gebaut, sondern von einem anderen Bastler auf e-bay erworben. Mein Spannungsmesser zeigte die entsprechenden Spannungen an (siehe Bilder) und bestätigte die einwandfreie Funktion.  
Hier noch ein paar Links zum Weiterlesen und ggf. Selbstbauen: Silverbased.org, alles andere im Detail steht in diesem Artikel von Frans DeGruijter.
Ein sehr schönen Überblick über diese und andere heute nicht mehr erhältliche Kamerabatterien liefert Photoetnography. Besonders gefäält mir die jeweils angegebene heutige(n) Alternative(n).

Nur um zu verdeutlichen, wieviele Kameras diese Batterie verwendet haben (eine umfangreiche Liste gibt es in Frans DeGruijters Artikel), hier diejenigen aus meiner Sammlung: Nikon F1 FTn, Olympus 35 SP, Canon Pellix, Olympus OM1, Rollei 35, Rolleiflex SL26, Contaflex 126, Olympus Pen F (Aufsteck-Beli), Zeiss Ikon Contessa S310, Praktica LTL3, Pentax Spotmatic SP-F, Topcon RE Super. Der Grund warum ich mir jetzt den Adapter zugelegt habe, ist meine neueste Erwerbung: King Regula Reflex 2000 CTL.