This super wide-angle lens (how it actually was called in the manual of the Retina Reflex S) had a focal length of (only) 28 mm and offered the widest angle of view (74 degrees), that was ever available for DKL mount cameras (Kodak and Voigtlander, etc.). It got built in two optically and mechanically almost identical versions. The first version of 1959-1960 is easily identified by the lack of a feet scale. The final version (shown here) from 1961 to 1966 had the feet scale and additionally an improved now yellow gleaming lens coating. The one on the picture can be dated by the serial number to be from June 1962. Schneider Kreuznach produced this Curtagon in other, sometimes completely different looking versions for other (German) SLR manufacturers like Edixa , Exakta , M42 , ... Optically it was always the same:
In 1959 the lens design itself was nothing special anymore, Schneider rather copied it from others. It is a so-called Retrofocus design, ie the back focal length is longer than the focal length. For wide-angle lenses this is neccesary on SLRs to give the mirror enough space to flap up and down. This was not realized before 1950 for wide-angle lenses on 135 film SLR's. Generally Pierre Angénieux is regarded the inventor of this lens design, he or his company initially owned the term Retrofocus as a trademark. However, his invention is based on a British patent by HW Lee (Taylor, Taylor & Hobson, British patent # 355.452 of 1931). However, this was at the time intended for cine lenses. In 1950 Pierre Angénieux launched the Angénieux retrofocus type R1 35mm f / 2.5 , in 1953 the 28mm f/3.5 (Type R11) and finally in 1957 the 24mm f/3.5 (Type R51).
Interestingly enough, during 1950 also Carl Zeiss Jena launched its Flektogon 35 mm f/2.8 on the market. With this they founded the quite famous and successful famliy of Flektogon wide-angle lenses (for example, my 20mm f/2.8), later copied by Carl Zeiss in West Germany ("Distagon"). The re-united Carl Zeiss Group now claims that the invention of Harry Zöllner was taken completely independently and simultaneously with Pierre Angenieux. Probably, nobody will ever be able to proof this. I did a bit of research in patent databases: The Frenchman at least acted earlier than the German, his patent FR1013652 filed on February 17, 1950. Prof. Zöllner and Carl Zeiss Jena waited until December 20, 1953 (DE 953 471). Maybe he filed in 1950 in the GDR. These patents are, however, only from 1981 available online). Anyway, since this time SLR users can enjoy super wide-angle lenses together with a flipping mirror.
Interestingly enough, during 1950 also Carl Zeiss Jena launched its Flektogon 35 mm f/2.8 on the market. With this they founded the quite famous and successful famliy of Flektogon wide-angle lenses (for example, my 20mm f/2.8), later copied by Carl Zeiss in West Germany ("Distagon"). The re-united Carl Zeiss Group now claims that the invention of Harry Zöllner was taken completely independently and simultaneously with Pierre Angenieux. Probably, nobody will ever be able to proof this. I did a bit of research in patent databases: The Frenchman at least acted earlier than the German, his patent FR1013652 filed on February 17, 1950. Prof. Zöllner and Carl Zeiss Jena waited until December 20, 1953 (DE 953 471). Maybe he filed in 1950 in the GDR. These patents are, however, only from 1981 available online). Anyway, since this time SLR users can enjoy super wide-angle lenses together with a flipping mirror.
I've already mentioned the Deckel mount (or DKL bayonet) once. I must admit that the fact that I own the f/2.8 Steinheil Cassarit 50mm was an argument in favor of investing into the Retina Reflex S and this lens. At home, however, I realized that I can not attach the standard lens to the Kodak SLR, simply because the aperture ring concepts on both lenses are different (see photo), even if the bayonet itself is almost (!) identical.
Anyway, Retrofocus pushed photography a big step further. Not only do we now have excellent (real) super wide angle lenses,. In today's DSLR's even the standard lenses are Retrofocus constructions, since the focal length is shorter due to smaller sensors, but the back flange distances are still the same as before. That has only changed again with the recent mirrorless system cameras.
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